​​

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects both children and adults, characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can impact daily functioning and quality of life. ADHD can present differently in each individual, with symptoms ranging from difficulty maintaining focus, restlessness, and impulsiveness to problems with organisation and completing tasks.

​

Symptoms of ADHD

​

Common symptoms of ADHD include:

• Inattention: Difficulty sustaining attention, frequent careless mistakes, difficulty listening, disorganisation, forgetfulness, and losing things frequently.

• Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, inability to stay seated, feeling restless, talking excessively, and difficulty engaging in quiet activities.

• Impulsivity: Interrupting others, impatience, making hasty decisions, and difficulty waiting for their turn.

​

Diagnosis Criteria

Diagnosing ADHD involves meeting specific criteria outlined in recognised guidelines, such as the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). For a diagnosis, symptoms must be present for at least six months, occur in multiple settings (e.g., home, school, or work), and significantly impact daily life. Symptoms often begin in childhood, and while they may change over time, many individuals continue to experience symptoms into adulthood.

​

Assessment

A comprehensive ADHD assessment is conducted by a qualified clinician and typically includes a thorough clinical interview, behavioural questionnaires, and a review of medical, educational, and family history. These assessments help to accurately identify ADHD and differentiate it from other conditions that may present similar symptoms.

​

Treatment Options

Treatment for ADHD is tailored to the individual and may include a combination of behavioural therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication. Behavioural therapy focuses on developing coping strategies, organisational skills, and managing impulsivity. Medication, such as stimulants and non-stimulants, can help manage symptoms by improving focus, attention, and self-control. Support groups, coaching, and educational interventions also play an important role in helping individuals and families navigate the challenges of ADHD.